Elections

Elections are at the core of every representative democracy. They are the moment when citizens express their political will, choose their representatives, and hold governments accountable. Without free and fair elections, democracy cannot function. But elections alone are not enough. They must be complemented by other democratic instruments – such as direct and participatory processes – to ensure that citizens have a continuous voice in political decision-making.

Yet across the world, electoral systems differ widely, and many fall short of guaranteeing equality, fairness, and genuine participation. Voting rights are often restricted, participation is hampered by high thresholds or financial barriers, and the influence of political elites can overshadow the voices of ordinary citizens. Such shortcomings weaken the link between citizens and their representatives, and they erode trust in democracy.

Democracy International campaigns for reforms that make elections more inclusive, transparent, and genuinely representative. We support the lowering of the voting age to 16, recognising that young people are active citizens whose voices must count in shaping the future. We also advocate for the extension of voting rights to foreign residents, so that all those who are part of a political community have a say in its governance.

At the European level, we have long argued for harmonisation of electoral rules and the introduction of transnational lists to strengthen the European character of elections. But the principle is universal: no matter where they live, citizens should be able to cast their vote under fair conditions and with equal rights. Elections must be accessible, free from discrimination, and designed to give every voter an equal voice.

Between elections, citizens must have other opportunities to participate: through citizens’ initiatives, referenda, deliberative assemblies, and participatory processes. A healthy democracy combines regular, free elections with these instruments of direct and participatory democracy to ensure that political power remains in the hands of the people.

Democracy International believes that only when elections are fair, inclusive, and complemented by other democratic tools can democracy truly live up to its promise.